↑ reinforcing ↓ reducing ⊥ even method.
1. Toxic-Heat
Clinical manifestations: Bright red, hot, swollen skin with clear borders, high fever and chills, burning pain at the affected site, thirst, restlessness and irritability, induration or hardness under the skin.
Tongue: D Pulse: r
Treatment principle: red body with prickly thorns and dry yellow coating,rapid and forceful, often full or overflowing
2. Wind-Heat
Clinical manifestations: Fever and chills before the rash appears, bright red hot swollen skin on the face or head, headache and sore throat, thirst, clear border to the redness.
Tongue: D Pulse: i
Treatment principle: red tip and edges with a thin yellow coating,floating and rapid
3. Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
Clinical manifestations: Heavy dragging sensation in the legs, burning bright red swelling on the lower legs, often preceded by athlete’s foot or skin cracks between the toes, sticky foul-smelling stools, marked swelling.
Tongue: D Pulse: r
Treatment principle: red, slightly swollen, with a yellow greasy coating thickest at the root,slippery and rapid, more pronounced at the rear position
4. Blood Stagnation with Heat
Clinical manifestations: Fixed stabbing pain, dark purplish-red skin patches, pain and redness worsen at night, induration or hardness under the skin, dry mouth with an urge to rinse but not swallow.
Tongue: C Pulse: l
Treatment principle: reddish-purple body with stasis spots, distended sublingual veins, thin dry yellow coat,choppy and rapid, may also feel wiry
5. Empty-Heat from Yin Deficiency
Clinical manifestations: Dull red rash, less fiery than other types, worse in the afternoon or evening, night sweats and heat in the palms and soles, dry mouth and throat with desire to sip water, recurrent presentation.
Tongue: N Pulse: o
Treatment principle: red, thin, and dry, often with cracks and little to no coating,fine and rapid