↑ reinforcing ↓ reducing ⊥ even method.
1. Wind-Heat
Clinical manifestations: Mild fever with slight chills or aversion to wind, sore red throat with thin white pseudomembrane, headache, nasal congestion with yellow discharge, thirst, slight sweating that doesn’t relieve fever.
Tongue: R Pulse: e
Treatment principle: red at the tip and edges with thin white or yellow coating,floating and rapid
2. Toxic-Heat
Clinical manifestations: High fever (often over 39°C), severe sore throat with thick grayish-yellow pseudomembrane, intense thirst for cold drinks, restlessness and irritability, dark scanty urine, constipation.
Tongue: D Pulse: r
Treatment principle: red body with prickly thorns and dry yellow coating,rapid, forceful and full, overflowing at the right middle position
Clinical manifestations: Cough with thick yellow or green sputum, wheezing and gurgling sounds, chest tightness and oppression, fever, grayish-white pseudomembrane, hoarseness or muffled voice.
Tongue: C Pulse: l
Treatment principle: red body with yellow greasy coating, possibly swollen at the front with red prickles,slippery and rapid
4. Empty-Heat caused by Yin Deficiency
Clinical manifestations: Low-grade afternoon or evening fever, night sweats, dry adherent pseudomembrane, dry mouth and throat with desire to sip water, flushed cheekbones, heat sensation in the palms, soles and chest.
Tongue: N Pulse: o
Treatment principle: red, thin, dry body with cracks, little or no coating,fine and rapid
Clinical manifestations: Palpitations, shortness of breath worsened by exertion, spontaneous daytime sweating, fatigue and lack of stamina, pale complexion, dizziness on exertion, chest stuffiness.
Tongue: T Pulse: o
Treatment principle: pale, puffy body with a thin white coat, midline crack toward the tip in chronic cases,empty and weak, especially at the left forward position
Clinical manifestations: Cold hands and feet with a feeling of deep chill, pale and bright face with slightly dark or purplish lips, shortness of breath on slight exertion, profound fatigue and mental listlessness, chest stuffiness or mild pain.
Tongue: R Pulse: e
Treatment principle: pale, puffy, tender body with teeth marks, white slippery coating,deep, weak, thready, faint at the left forward position, may be knotted